Correlación de la impulsividad y el trastorno por consumo de alcohol: el rompecabezas de un circuito neural
Resumen
El trastorno por consumo de alcohol (TCA) es una enfermedad derivada de la ingesta excesiva y prolongada de esta sustancia, con efectos negativos a nivel cognitivo. Durante muchos años se ha estudiado la etiología de la dependencia al alcohol y se ha encontrado que la impulsividad es uno de sus rasgos más distintivos, una característica cognitiva que no solo predispone al consumo de sustancias, sino que puede crear un efecto inverso. La presente revisión tiene como objetivo dar a conocer la forma como se interrelacionan estos dos factores (dependencia e impulsividad) y trata de explicar cuáles son las estructuras del cerebro implicadas en dicho proceso. Asimismo, se abordan aspectos moleculares, genéticos o epigéneticos que generan cambios en un circuito cerebral extremadamente complejo, dando lugar a la aparición de conductas negativas, tales como la impulsividad hacia la ingesta de alcohol.
Abstract
The disorder by alcohol consumption is a disease that integrates the dependence of alcohol and the excessive use of this with negative cognitive repercussions. For many years the etiology of this dependence has been studied, impulsivity being the most distinctive feature. It has been reported that this behavioral characteristic not only influences to alcohol consumption but can be inverse. Because of this, present review details how these two factors are interrelated, but also describes how they are involved in alterations on specialized structures of the brain, and also analyzed molecular aspects, as well as genetic or epigenetic bases that underlined on this circuit.
Keywords: Impulsivity; alcohol; disorder by alcohol consumption.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
PDFReferencias
Evenden J. Varieties of impulsivity. Psychopharmacology. 1999 146: 348-361.
Barratt E. Anxiety and Impulsiveness Related to Psychomotor Efficiency. Percept Motor Skill. 1959 9: 191-198.
Patton J, Stanford M, Barratt E. Factor structure of the barratt impulsiveness scale. J CLIN PSYCHOL. 1995 51: 768-774.
Dick D, Smith G, Olausson P, Mitchell S, Leeman R, O'Malley S, SherK. Understanding the construct of impulsivity and its relationship to alcohol use disorders. ADDICT BIOL. 2010 15: 217-226.
Sher K, Trull T. Personality and disinhibitory psychopathology: Alcoholism and antisocial personality disorder. J ABNORM PSYCHOL. 1994 103: 92-102.
Verdejo-García A, Lawrence A, Clark L. Impulsivity as a vulnerability marker for substance-use disorders: Review of findings from high-risk research, problem gamblers and genetic association studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008 32: 777-810.
Congdon E, Canli T. The Endophenotype of Impulsivity: Reaching Consilience Through Behavioral, Genetic, and Neuroimaging Approaches. Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev. 2005 4: 262-281.
Littlefield A, Stevens A, Sher K. Impulsivity and Alcohol Involvement: Multiple, Distinct Constructs and Processes. Curr Addict Rep. 2013 1: 33-40.
Rubio G, Jiménez M, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Martínez I, Ávila C, Ferre F, Jiménez-Arriero MA, Ponce G, Palomo T. The Role of Behavioral Impulsivity in the Development of Alcohol Dependence: A 4-Year Follow-Up Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008 32: 1681-1687.
Aron A. The Neural Basis of Inhibition in Cognitive Control. Neuroscientist. 2007 13: 214-228.
Stephan R, Alhassoon O, Allen K, Wollman S, Hall M, Thomas W, Gamboa JM, Kimmel C, Stem M, Sari C, Dalenberg CJ, Sorg SF, Grant I. Meta-analyses of clinical neuropsychological tests of executive dysfunction and impulsivity in alcohol use disorder. AM J DRUG ALCOHOL AB. 2016 43: 24-43.
Spoelder M, Flores Dourojeanni J, de Git K, Baars A, Lesscher H, Vanderschuren L. Individual differences in voluntary alcohol intake in rats: relationship with impulsivity, decision making and Pavlovian conditioned approach. Psychopharmacology. 2017 234: 2177-2196.
De Wit H. Impulsivity as a determinant and consequence of drug use: a review of underlying processes. Addict Biol. 2008 14: 22-31.
Westman J, Bujarski S, Ray L. Impulsivity Moderates Subjective Responses to Alcohol in Alcohol-Dependent Individuals. Alcohol Alcohol. 2017 52: 249-255
Banks D, Zapolski T. Impulsivity and Problem Drinking in College: Examining the Mediating Role of Sex-Related Alcohol Expectancies and Alcohol Use at Sex. Subst Use Misuse. 2017 52: 992-1002.
Kandel, E.R; Schwartz, J. H; Jessell, T.M. Principios de Neurociencia. Madrid: McGraw-Hill
Pineda, D. La función ejecutiva y sus trastornos. En: RevNeurolog. 2001 8:764
Erdozain, A. M., Morentin, B., Bedford, L., King, E., Tooth, D., Brewer, C., ... & Callado, L. F. Alcohol-related brain damage in humans. PLoS One, 2014 9: e93586.
Asensio S, Morales J, Senabre I, Romero M, Beltran M, Flores-Bellver, Barcia JM, Romero FJ. Magnetic resonance imaging structural alterations in brain of alcohol abusers and its association with impulsivity. Addict Biol. 2015 21: 962-971.
Wang J, Fan Y, Dong Y, Ma M, Ma Y, Dong Y, Niu Y, Jiang Y, Wang H, Wang Z, Wu L, Sun H, Cui C. Alterations in Brain Structure and Functional Connectivity in Alcohol Dependent Patients and Possible Association with Impulsivity. PLoS One. 2016 11:e0161956.
Gröpper S, Spengler S, Stuke H, Gawron C, Parnack J, Gutwinski S, Wiers CE, Bermpohi F. Behavioral impulsivity mediates the relationship between decreased frontal gray matter volume and harmful alcohol drinking: A voxel-based morphometry study. J Psychiat Res. 2016 83: 16-23.
Duque J, Labruna L, Verset S, Olivier E, Ivry R. Dissociating the Role of Prefrontal and Premotor Cortices in Controlling Inhibitory Mechanisms during Motor Preparation. J Neurosci. 2012 32: 806-816.
Weafer J, Dzemidzic M, Eiler II W, Oberlin B, Wang Y, Kareken D. Associations between regional brain physiology and trait impulsivity, motor inhibition, and impaired control over drinking. Psychiat Res-Neuroim. 2015 233: 81-87.
Petry N. Substance abuse, pathological gambling, and impulsiveness. Drug Alcohol Dependen. 2001 63: 29-38.
Weafer J, De Arcangelis J, de Wit H. Sex Differences in Behavioral Impulsivity in At-Risk and Non-Risk Drinkers. Front Psychiatry. 2015 6: 72.
Ide J, Zhornitsky S, Hu S, Zhang S, Krystal J, Li C. Sex differences in the interacting roles of impulsivity and positive alcohol expectancy in problem drinking: A structural brain imaging study. NeuroImage Clin. 2017 14: 750-759.
Gutman A, Taha S. Acute ethanol effects on neural encoding of reward size and delay in the nucleus accumbens. J Neurophysiol. 2016 116: 1175-1188.
Choong K. Methylphenidate Restores Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neuron Activity in Prenatal Ethanol-Exposed Rats by Augmenting Dopamine Neurotransmission. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 309: 444-451.
Wang J, Haj-Dahmane S, Shen R. Effects of Prenatal Ethanol Exposure on the Excitability of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons in Vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 319: 857-863.
Xu C, Shen, R.Y. Amphetamine normalizes the electrical activity of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area following prenatal ethanol exposure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 297: 746-752.
Muñoz-Villegas P, Rodríguez V, Giordano M, Juárez J. Risk-taking, locomotor activity and dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex in male rats treated prenatally with alcohol. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2017 153: 88-96.
Furtado E, Roriz S. Inattention and impulsivity associated with prenatal alcohol exposure in a prospective cohort study with 11-years-old Brazilian children. Eur Child & Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016 25: 1327-1335.
Martinotti G, Orsolini L, Fornaro M, Vecchiotti R, De Berardis D, Iasevoli F, Torrens M, Di Giannantonio M. Aripiprazole for relapse prevention and craving in alcohol use disorder: current evidence and future perspectives. Expert Opin on Investig Drugs. 2016 25: 719-728.
Anton R, Schacht J, Voronin K, Randall P. Aripiprazole Suppression of Drinking in a Clinical Laboratory Paradigm: Influence of Impulsivity and Self-Control. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2017 41: 1370-1380.
Van Kooten M, Veldhuizen M, de Araujo I, O'Malley S, Small D. Fatty acid amide supplementation decreases impulsivity in young adult heavy drinkers. Physiol Behav. 2016 155: 131-140.
Aurelian L, Warnock K, Balan I, Puche A, June H. TLR4 signaling in VTA dopaminergic neurons regulates impulsivity through tyrosine hydroxylase modulation. Transl Psychiatry. 2016 6: e815-e815.
Pfeifer P, Sariyar M, Eggermann T, Zerres K, Vernaleken I, Tüscher O, Fehr C. Alcohol Consumption in Healthy OPRM1G Allele Carriers and Its Association with Impulsive Behavior. Alcohol Alcohol. 2015 50: 379-384.
Leriche M, Méndez M. El Alcoholismo: papel del receptor opioide U en los procesos neurales de reforzamiento. Salud Ment. 2001 24:1-2.
Wiskerke J, Schetters D, van Es I, van Mourik Y, den Hollander B, Schoffelmeer A, Pattij T. u-Opioid Receptors in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell Region Mediate the Effects of Amphetamine on Inhibitory Control But Not Impulsive Choice. J Neurosci. 2011 31: 262-272.
Stokes P, Myers J, Kalk N, Watson B, Erritzoe D, Wilson S et al, Cunningham VJ, Riano-Barros D, Hammers A, Turkheimer FE, Nutt DJ, Lingford-Hughes AR. Acute increases in synaptic GABA detectable in the living human brain: A [11C]Ro15-4513 PET study. NeuroImage. 2014 99: 158-165.
Enoch M. The role of GABAA receptors in the development of alcoholism. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2008 90: 95-104.
Caprioli D, Sawiak S, Merlo E, Theobald D, Spoelder M, Jupp B, Voon B, Carpenter TA, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW, Dalley JW. Gamma Aminobutyric Acidergic and Neuronal Structural Markers in the Nucleus Accumbens Core Underlie Trait-like Impulsive Behavior. Biol Psychiatry. 2014 75: 115-123.
Jupp B, Caprioli D, Saigal N, Reverte I, Shrestha S, Cumming P, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW, Dalley JW. Dopaminergic and GABA-ergic markers of impulsivity in rats: evidence for anatomical localisation in ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex. Eur J Neurosci. 2013 37: 1519-1528.
Paine T, Slipp L, Carlezon W. Schizophrenia-Like Attentional Deficits Following Blockade of Prefrontal Cortex GABAA Receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011 36: 1703-1713.
Murphy E, Fernando A, Urcelay G, Robinson E, Mar A, Theobald D, Dalley JW, Robbins TW. Impulsive behaviour induced by both NMDA receptor antagonism and GABAA receptor activation in rat ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Psychopharmacology. 2011 219: 401-410.
Hayes D, Jupp B, Sawiak S, Merlo E, Caprioli D, Dalley J. Brain γ-aminobutyric acid: a neglected role in impulsivity. Eur J Neurosci. 2014 39: 1921-1932.
Lieberman R, Kranzler H, Joshi P, Shin D, Covault J. GABRA2 Alcohol Dependence Risk Allele is Associated with Reduced Expression of Chromosome 4p12 GABAA Subunit Genes in Human Neural Cultures. Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res. 2015 39: 1654-1664.
Gondré-Lewis M, Warnock K, Wang H, June H, Bell K, Rabe H, Tiruveedhula VV, Cook J, Lüddens H, Aurelian L, June HL. Early life stress is a risk factor for excessive alcohol drinking and impulsivity in adults and is mediated via a CRF/GABAAmechanism. Stress. 2016 19: 235-247.
Nie Z. Ethanol Augments GABAergic Transmission in the Central Amygdala via CRF1 Receptors. Science. 2004 30: 1512-1514.
Lohoff F, Hodge R, Narasimhan S, Nall A, Ferraro T, Mickey B, Heitzeg M, Langenecker S, Zubieta J, Rogdan R, Nikolova Y, Drabant E, Hariri A, Brevilacqua L, Goldman D, Doyle G. Functional genetic variants in the vesicular monoamine transporter 1 modulate emotion processing. Mol Psychiatry. 2013;19(1):129-139.
Vaht M, Kiive E, Veidebaum T, Harro J. A Functional Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 1 (VMAT1) Gene Variant Is Associated with Affect and the Prevalence of Anxiety, Affective, and Alcohol Use Disorders in a Longitudinal Population-Representative Birth Cohort Study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016 19: pyw013.
Bevilacqua L, Doly S, Kaprio J, Yuan Q, Tikkanen R, Paunio T, Zhou Z, Wedenoja J, Maroteaux L, Díaz S, Belmer A, Hodkingson C, Dell´osso L, Suvisaari J, Coccaro E, Rose R, Peltonen L, Virkkunen M, Goldman D. A population-specific HTR2B stop codon predisposes to severe impulsivity. Nature. 2010 468: 1061-1066.
Tikkanen R, Tiihonen J, Rautiainen M, Paunio T, Bevilacqua L, Panarsky R, Goldman D, Virkkunen M. Impulsive alcohol-related risk-behavior and emotional dysregulation among individuals with a serotonin 2B receptor stop codon. Transl Psychiatry. 2015 5: e681-e681.
Rupp C, Beck J, Heinz A, Kemmler G, Manz S, Tempel K, Fleischhacker W. Impulsivity and Alcohol Dependence Treatment Completion: Is There a Neurocognitive Risk Factor at Treatment Entry?. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015 40: 152-160.
Irimia C, Buczynski M, Natividad L, Laredo S, Avalos N, Parsons L. Dysregulated Glycine Signaling Contributes to Increased Impulsivity during Protracted Alcohol Abstinence. J Neurosci. 2017 37: 1853-1861.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25009/eb.v9i22.2537
Enlaces refback
- No hay ningún enlace refback.
eNeurobiología es una publicación cuatrimestral editada por el Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales de la Universidad Veracruzana. Estamos ubicados en Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala, s/n, colonia Industrial Ánimas, C.P. 91190, Xalapa-Enríquez, Veracruz, México. Teléfono: 8418900 ext. 13062, www.iice.uv.mx; eneurobiologia@uv.mx. Reserva de Derechos al Uso Exclusivo 04-2023-061314100600-102, otorgada por el Instituto Nacional de Derechos de Autor. ISSN: 2007-3054. Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.