Exposición ocupacional al formaldehído y sus efectos sobre el sistema nervioso central
Resumen
La Agencia Internacional de Investigación en Cáncer (IARC por sus siglas en inglés) clasifica al formaldehído como un carcinógeno de tipo 1. Existe evidencia que indica que, aquellas personas que están expuestas en sus centros de trabajo a grandes concentraciones de este compuesto tienen una mayor probabilidad de padecer cáncer nasofaríngeo y pulmonar, así como leucemia mieloide. También se ha relacionado con efectos neurotóxicos post-exposición a nivel del Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC). Los sujetos que se encuentran en contacto con este compuesto podrían no solo estar en constante riesgo de desarrollar cáncer, sino también de presentar daños cognitivos como la pérdida de memoria o desarrollar alguna demencia como el Alzheimer. Dados estos antecedentes, el objetivo principal de esta revisión, es reunir las evidencias que actualmente existen con respecto a la posible relación entre la exposición al formaldehído en el entorno laboral y el daño al SNC.
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies formaldehyde as a type 1 carcinogen, people whose work centers are exposed to high concentrations of this compound are more likely to develop nasopharyngeal, lung cancer, and myeloid leukemia. At present, it has also been associated with post-exposure neurotoxic effects therefore those in contact with it are not only at constant risk of developing cancer, but also may develop cognitive impairments such as memory loss and dementia such as Alzheimer's. The main purpose of this review is to gather current evidence regarding the possible relationship between exposure to formaldehyde in the workplace and damage to the central nervous system.
Keywords: Formaldehyde; neurotoxicity; memory.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25009/eb.v9i22.2538
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