Cognición en cerdos
Resumen
El cerdo es una de las especies animales más utilizadas en la producción de carne para consumo humano por lo que su producción representa una importante fuente de proteína animal y de ingresos económicos para un gran número de personas. Por si fuera poco, en los últimos años, su uso se ha extendido al campo científico donde es utilizado como modelo animal para el desarrollo de técnicas quirúrgicas, evaluación de medicamentos, cultivo de tejidos y para el estudio de muchas enfermedades que actualmente acosan a la humanidad. A pesar del reciente incremento en los estudios sobre el comportamiento y la fisiología del cerdo, la información sobre sus características cognitivas aún es escasa. No obstante, los estudios al respecto sugieren que dichos animales son capaces de llevar a cabo sofisticados procesos cognitivos tales como el uso de la memoria espacial y episódica, la discriminación y generalización de objetos y personas, así como el entendimiento de fenómenos físicos como el reflejo de un espejo. Por todo ello, aquí, realizamos una revisión bibliográfica sobre las características sensoriales y cognitivas del cerdo, y discutimos la potencial aplicación de este conocimiento en beneficio de los seres humanos, pero también en pro de proveer condiciones de cautiverio que favorezcan su bienestar.
Abstract: The pig is one of the most used animal species in meat production, so its production represents an important source of animal protein and financial support for a large number of families around the world. In the last years, pig production has been extended to the scientific field where it is used as a model for the development of surgical techniques, evaluation of medications and for the study of mental human disorders. While the number of studies on the behavior and physiology of the pig has been increasing, the knowledge about its cognitive characteristics remain scarce. However, studies on pig cognition indicate that these animals are capable of carrying out sophisticated cognitive processes such as the use of spatial and episode memory, discrimination and generalization of objects and people, as well as learning to use the reflection of a mirror to get something desired. Herein, we conducted a literature review on the sensory and cognitive characteristics of the pig and discuss the potential application of this knowledge for the benefit of both human and animal welfare.
Keywords: Pigs; animal welfare; cognition; behavior.
Palabras clave
Referencias
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25009/eb.v11i26.2550
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