El papel de los receptores de hormonas tiroideas en el desarrollo del sistema nervioso
Resumen
La acción de las hormonas tiroideas ocurre a través de receptores nucleares específicos (RT). Sus isoformas son expresadas tempranamente y participan en el desarrollo corteza, hipocampo, cerebelo, retina, oído, hipotálamo, etc. Las mutaciones de los genes que expresan RT, producen deficiencias en la acción tiroidea por ausencia del receptor o por su incapacidad de unir a la hormona, independientemente del nivel circulante de hormonas tiroideas, las cuales además pueden regular la expresión de sus propios receptores. La actividad transcripcional de los receptores, se modula interaccionando con otros receptores, comoduladores y/o elementos de respuesta específicos en los genes. Los RT tienen una función clave en el desarrollo del sistema nervioso y dado que su expresión depende en parte de la acción de las hormonas tiroideas, la suplementación adecuada de estas en la etapa prenatal puede ser un factor decisivo en la vigilancia y cuidado del neurodesarrollo en la atención clínica.
Abstract
The action of thyroid hormones occurs through specific nuclear receptors (TR). Their isoforms are expressed early and participate in developing cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, retina, ear, hypothalamus, and so on. Mutations in genes expressing TR, produce deficiencies in the absence of thyroid receptor or the inability to bind the hormone, regardless of the level of circulating thyroid hormones, which can also regulate the expression of their own receptors. Transcriptional activity of the receptors is modulated by thyroid receptors themselves interacting with other receptors, comodulators and/or specific response elements. The TR have a role in nervous system development and since their expression depends in part on the action of thyroid hormones, adequate supplementation of those at the prenatal stage may be a decisive factor in monitoring and care of neurodevelopmental clinical attention.
Keywords: Developing nervous system; transcription factors; thyroid hormones; thyroid receptors; signal transduction; neuroendocrine system.
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