La neurociencia del bienestar animal: teoría 80-20
Resumen
Comúnmente se considera al bienestar animal cuando los animales están bien física y psicológicamente. Esto se logra cuando están libres: 1) de hambre, sed y malnutrición, 2) de incomodidad, 3) de dolor, 4) para expresar conducta normal, 5) de miedo y estrés. Este artículo tiene la intención de provocar al lector para reconsiderar el concepto de bienestar animal. La evidencia indica que el bienestar no es un estado constante, sino que debe ocurrir muchas veces al día. Se propone una teoría con la que argumentamos que el bienestar ocurre cuando la proporción de desear algo y obtenerlo es del 80-20%, respectivamente. Se discuten algunas bases neurobiológicas de las conductas motivadas que apoyan la nueva visión de bienestar.
Abstract
Animal welfare is commonly regarded as the physical and psychological well-being of animals, fulfilled if animals are free: 1) from hunger, thirst and malnutrition, 2) from discomfort, 3) from pain, 4) to express normal behavior, and 5) from fear and distress. This paper is meant to provoke the reader to re-think the concept of welfare. Evidence indicates that animal welfare is not a constant state, but rather it must be fulfilled several times a day. A theory is proposed arguing that well-being occurs when the proportion of desiring and obtaining something occurs in a 80-20% proportion, respectively. The neurobiological bases of motivated behaviors are discussed to support a new view on animal welfare.
Keywords: Dopamine; opioids; environmental enrichment; well-being; desire; reward.
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