Caracterización de las convulsiones y el status epilepticus producido por el pentilentetrazol en ratas de 14 días de edad

Eliseo Velazco Cercas, Ángel A Puig Lagunes, Isaac Zamora Bello, Luis Beltrán Parrazal, Consuelo Morgado Valle, María Leonor López Meraz

Resumen


El status epilepticus (SE) es un tipo de actividad epiléptica con alta incidencia en niños; se caracteriza por crisis epilépticas por un tiempo prolongado, con consecuencias como muerte neuronal y desarrollo de epilepsia. A nivel experimental, el pentilentetrazol (PTZ) produce convulsiones tónico-clónicas generalizadas (CTCG) en la rata en desarrollo con alta mortalidad. En este estudio se realizó una curva dosis-respuesta con la finalidad de caracterizar las convulsiones producidas por una dosis única de PTZ (45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70 y 75 mg/kg, i.p.) en ratas Wistar de 14 días de edad (P14). No se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las dosis de PTZ analizadas en la proporción de ratas que presentaron CTCG, SE o murieron después de la aplicación del PTZ. Con 45 mg/kg de PTZ ninguna rata presentó CTCG, con 50 mg/kg de PTZ el 25% de las ratas mostraron CTCG, mientras que a dosis mayores el 100% de las ratas presentaron estas convulsiones. Las ratas que presentaron CTCG y que no murieron desarrollaron enseguida SE en todas las dosis estudiadas, en un porcentaje que varió de 63% (55 y 60 mg/kg de PTZ) a 25-37% (70-50 mg/kg de PTZ). Todas las ratas inyectadas con 75 mg/kg de PTZ presentaron CTCG y murieron. Los datos de este estudio sugieren que la administración de una sola dosis de PTZ en la rata P14 puede ser un modelo útil para el estudio de CTCG y SE en la rata en desarrollo.

 

Abstract

Status epilepticus(SE) is a type of epileptic activity with a high incidence in children; it is characterized by prolonged epileptic seizures that produce neuronal cell death and increase the risk for epilepsy. Experimental studies have shown that pentylentetrazole (PTZ) produces generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) in the developing rat with high mortality. In this study we tested the effect of a single administration of different dose of PTZ (45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70 and 75 mg/kg, i.p.) in 14-day-old (P14) Wistar rat pups. Non-statistically significant differences were observed between the doses of PTZ in the proportion of rats that presented GTCS, SE or died after PTZ. Rats injected with 45 mg/kg PTZ did not show GTCS, with 50 mg/kg PTZ 25% of the rats had GTCS, whereas at higher doses 100% of the rats had GTCS. Rats that had GTCS and did not die developed SE at all doses studied, varying from 63% (55 and 60 mg/kg of PTZ) to 25-37% (70-50 mg/kg of PTZ). All rats injected with 75 mg/kg PTZ showed GTCS and died. These data suggest that the administration of a single dose of PTZ in P14 rats may be a useful model for studying GTCS and SE in the developing rat.

Keywords: Status epilepticus; seizures; developing rats; pentylentetrazole.


Palabras clave


Status epilepticus; convulsiones; rata en desarrollo; pentilentetrazol.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25009/eb.v8i17.2524

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