Evaluación de la actividad termorreguladora y cardiovascular durante el sueño
Resumen
La actividad termorreguladora y cardiovascular presentan ritmicidad circadiana asociada con el ciclo vigilia-sueño. El uso de la polisomnografía (PSG) ha facilitado el estudio de la temperatura corporal y actividad cardiovascular tanto durante el sueño con movimientos oculares rápidos (MOR) como del sueño sin MOR (NMOR). Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios que han evaluado la temperatura corporal y actividad cardiovascular a lo largo de los ciclos NMOR-MOR. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las características de la temperatura periférica y variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca durante los ciclos NMOR-MOR. Se realizaron estudios de PSG en 15 participantes sanos donde se analizaron la temperatura periférica, la arritmia sinusal respiratoria (ASR) y la frecuencia baja (FB). Los análisis estadísticos muestran que en la temperatura periférica hubo diferencias significativas entre las diferentes fases de sueño, mientras que los valores de la ASR y la FB variaron significativamente tanto entre las diferentes fases de sueño como entre los ciclos NMOR-MOR. Se ha descrito que la respuesta termorreguladora es diferente entre el sueño NMOR y MOR, en este estudio se observaron diferencias significativas en la temperatura periférica entre las fases de sueño N2, N3 y MOR. Estos resultados resaltan diferencias en los mecanismos reguladores de la temperatura y de la actividad cardiovascular cuando se considera la ciclicidad del sueño NMOR y MOR.
Abstract
Thermoregulatory and cardiovascular activity show circadian rhythmicity associated with the wake-sleep cycle. The use of polysomnography (PSG) has facilitated the study of body temperature and cardiovascular activity during both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. However, few studies have evaluated body temperature and cardiovascular activity throughout the NREM-REM cycles. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of peripheral temperature and heart rate variability during NREM-REM cycles. PSG studies were performed in 15 healthy participants where peripheral temperature, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and low frequency (LF) were analyzed. Statistical analyses show that in peripheral temperature there were significant differences between the different sleep stages, while RSA and LF values varied significantly both between sleep stages and between NREM-REM cycles. The thermoregulatory response has been described to be different between NREM and REM sleep, in this study, significant differences in peripheral temperature were observed between N2, N3, and REM sleep stages. These results highlight differences in the regulatory mechanisms of temperature and cardiovascular activity when considering the cyclicity of NREM and REM sleep.
Keywords: Peripheral temperature; heart rate variability; autonomic nervous system; biological rhythms.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25009/eb.v13i31.2596
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