El licopeno y su papel en la prevención del cáncer de próstata
Resumen
En la actualidad el cáncer ha ido en aumento en la población mexicana. Durante el 2011, el 86.3% de las defunciones por neoplasias en la población mexicana menor de 20 años fue debida a tumores malignos. En ese mismo año, ocho de cada 100 hombres de 20 años o mayores diagnosticados con cáncer presentaron neoplasia de próstata. Se calcula que de cada 100 defunciones por tumores malignos en hombres de 20 años o mayores, 17 fallecen por cáncer de próstata, 13 de bronquio y pulmón y nueve de estómago, ocupando el cáncer de próstata la primera causa de muerte en nuestro país por cáncer. Esto ha llevado a la innovación de nuevas terapias para la prevención, como incrementar el consumo de vitaminas, la utilización de extractos de plantas medicinales, minerales y el uso de compuestos fitoquímicos como el licopeno. Este último es un carotenoide altamente antioxidante y cuenta con una gran biodisponibilidad en el tejido prostático, por lo cual tiene una fuerte acción preventiva en las diversas enfermedades que afectan a la próstata, así como otros tipos de cánceres. Por tal motivo, esta revisión tiene como objetivo dar a conocer cuales son sus propiedades y los mecanismos usados para prevenir o detener las enfermedades de la próstata.
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and cancer have increased importantly in the Mexican population. In 2011, 86.3% of deaths were caused by malignant tumors in the population under 20 years. In the same year 8 out of 100 men aged 20 and older with cancer had prostate neoplasms. For every 100 deaths caused by malignant neoplasms in men, 17 were due to prostate cancer, 13 to lung and bronchus and 9 to stomach. Prostate cancer became the leading cause of death by cancer in our country. This has led to the innovation of new therapies for prevention such as increasing the consumption of vitamins, plant extracts, minerals and phytochemicals such as lycopene. The latter belongs to the family of carotenoids. Its antioxidant activity is highly concentrated in the prostate, so it has a strong preventive action of various diseases affecting the prostate and some types of cancer. This review focuses on the role of lycopene in prostate cancer prevention.
Key words: Cancer; carotenoids; lycopene; testosterone, prolactin.
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