El uso del perro en el tratamiento del trastorno espectro autista
Resumen
Existe evidencia para pensar que la presencia e interacción con perros produce efectos benéficos en la salud y bienestar de niños con trastorno espectro autista (TEA) y sus familias. Objetivo: Difundir y discutir el uso de los perros en el tratamiento del TEA, su efecto catalizador en las terapias, salud y vida de quien lo padece, y presentar algunas hipótesis que podrían explicar este fenómeno. Desarrollo: Las personas con TEA se caracterizan por una alteración en su capacidad comunicativa y social, así como por la presencia de conductas repetitivas y estereotipadas. Se ha visto que la incorporación de un perro en sus terapias incrementa la aparición de conductas sociales y potencializa los efectos de la misma. Así mismo, el uso de perros de servicio en las actividades diarias de niños con TEA parece mejorar la percepción de bienestar y seguridad de sus familias, y facilitar la realización de actividades en áreas públicas. Conclusiones: La evidencia y teorías revisitadas en este trabajo indican que el perro es una provechosa herramienta para potencializar las habilidades sociales y emocionales de niños con TEA y para generar mejores condiciones de vida en sus familias.
Abstract
Introduction: Increasing evidence indicates that dogs may promote beneficial effects in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families. Objective: Discus about the current role of dog in the treatment of ASD as well as the beneficial effects in health, safety and well-being for children with ASD and their parents. Development: Persons with ASD are characterized by impairments in social functioning and communication, restrictive interests and repetitive activities. It has been seen that dog therapy and integration of service dog in life and activities of children with ASD increase the occurrence of social behavior and improve their mood. In addition, Service dogs seem to improve the perception of safety and welfare of their families, and encourage activities in public spaces. Conclusions: Evidence and theories revisited in this work indicate that the dog is a useful tool to potentiate the social and emotional skills of children with ASD and to create better living conditions in their families.
Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; treatments; therapy dogs; safety; well-being.
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