Células gliales en el dolor orofacial

Araceli Vázquez Méndez, Martha Lucía Ita Amador

Resumen


El dolor, es definido como una experiencia sensitiva y emocional desagradable, asociada a una lesión tisular real o potencial.  El dolor es uno de los principales motivos de consulta médica y en su forma crónica disminuye el estado anímico y la calidad de vida del paciente. Por esta razón, es indispensable para los profesionales de la salud, entender los mecanismos que lo producen. La mayoría de la información al respecto se basa en comprender cómo es que las neuronas reaccionan a los estímulos dolorosos y cómo esto se interpreta en el cerebro. Sin embargo, existen otras células del sistema nervioso que también intervienen en estos procesos. Estas son las células gliales, que incluye astrocitos, oligodendrocitos, microglía, células de Schwann y células gliales satélite. La presente revisión tiene por objetivo mostrar una recopilación de la función de las células gliales en los casos de dolor orofacial y la forma en la que se comunican con las neuronas y las células del sistema inmunitario para el desarrollo y mantenimiento del dolor.

Abstract

Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue injury. Pain is one of the main reasons for medical consultation and in its chronic form it decreases the patient's mood and quality of life. For this reason, health professionals need to understand the mechanisms that produce it. Most of the information in this regard is based on understanding how neurons react to painful stimuli and how this is interpreted in the brain, however, other brain cells are also involved in these processes. These are the glial cells, which include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, Schwann cells, and glial satellite cells. This review aims to provide a summary of the role of glial cells in cases of orofacial pain and how they communicate with neurons and cells of the immune system for the development and maintenance of pain.

Keywords: orofacial pain; astrocytes; microglia; glial satellite cells; Schwann cells; neuropathic pain.


Palabras clave


Dolor orofacial; astrocitos; microglía; células gliales satélite; células de Schwann; dolor neuropático.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25009/eb.v13i32.2614

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