Distancia espacial de dos grupos de mono aullador de manto en función de la estacionalidad
Resumen
La fragmentación y pérdida del hábitat reducen las opciones alimenticias para los primates y alteran la dinámica social al interior de una población. Los monos aulladores de manto (Alouatta palliata mexicana) no son una especie territorial y, pocas veces se ha descrito la coexistencia de grupos en fragmentos de selva pequeños. Se ha planteado que la interacción espacial permite a los individuos ajustar conductualmente sus movimientos y mantener una coexistencia entre grupos. No obstante, no se conocen cuáles son las condiciones ambientales que regulan esta interacción. En este estudio se determinó la influencia del ambiente sobre la distancia entre dos grupos de monos aulladores. A partir de 950 horas de observación, se analizó la distancia intergrupal que fue de 288.7 ± 114.1 m, la cual se correlacionó con el número de especies arbóreas con frutos maduros y seniles, y con la temperatura mensual (Spearman, R= -0.63, P = 0.026; R= -0.68, P = 0.012; R = -0.57, P = 0.04; respectivamente). Se concluye que los monos ajustan sus movimientos grupales para buscar elementos vegetales que son parte de su dieta y evitar su exposición a altas temperaturas. Este estudio permite abordar de una manera más precisa los ajustes conductuales que hacen los monos en respuesta a los cambios ambientales.
Abstract
Landscape fragmentation and loss of habitat diminish the food options for the primates and alters the social dynamics within a population. Mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata mexicana) is not a territorial species, but the coexistence of its groups in small fragments has rarely been described. It has been proposed that spatial interaction allows individuals to behaviorally adjust their movements and to allow the coexistence of multiple groups. However, it is not clear what the environmental conditions that regulate this interaction are. We examined whether environmental factors may influence spatial dynamics between two groups of howler monkeys. We collected data during 950 observation hours through behavioral sampling, and we analyzed the distance between groups. The intergroup distance (288.7 ± 114.1 m) was negatively correlated with the number of tree species with mature and senile fruits, and the monthly temperature (Spearman, R = -0.63, P = 0.026; R = -0.68, P = 0.012; R = -0.57, P = 0.04, respectively). We conclude that monkeys adjust their group movements to look for items that are part of their diet and, to avoid to be exposed to high temperatures. These findings allow us to more accurately address the behavioral adjustments that monkeys made in response to food items and environmental changes.
Keywords: Los Tuxtlas; intergroup interactions, fruits; phenology; climate factors.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25009/eb.v8i19.2529
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