Alteraciones en células neuronales y cardiacas en la infección por el virus Zika

Marcos Fernando Ocaña Sánchez, Kathia Liliana Aguilar Guardado, Oscar Guzmán Martínez, Van Dan Castro Gerónimo, Daniel Hernández Baltazar

Resumen


La principal complicación de la infección por virus Zika es la microcefalia desarrollada en bebés nacidos de madres infectadas. Desde hace unos años esto ha ido en aumento, por lo que resulta de gran relevancia estudiar los mecanismos moleculares involucrados. En este trabajo se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos compilados en PUBMED para identificar los avances que se tienen en la actualidad respecto a esta patología, usando palabras clave como Zika virus, células neuronales, células cardiacas, estudios clínicos. Se encontró que las principales células atacadas en el sistema nervioso central son las células progenitoras neurales, la astroglía y la microglía, aunque de igual manera se tienen gran interés en el músculo cardiaco y el paso del virus hacia el sistema circulante, debido al gran tropismo presentado por este virus y su persistencia a lo largo de varios años, lo que complica el manejo correcto de la enfermedad. A pesar de tener un gran avance en el tema, aún falta elucidar totalmente los mecanismos que conllevan al desarrollo de la microcefalia, el impacto que tiene el virus en el tejido cardiaco, así como en otros tejidos, para poder comenzar a desarrollar tratamientos adecuados.

 

Abstract

The main complication of Zika virus infection is microcephaly developed in the newborn of infected mothers. For a few years, this has been increasing, which has been of interest to several researchers who are concerned with developing the molecular mechanisms by which this is carried out. In this review, a meta-analysis was carried out in the PUBMED database to identify the advances that are currently being made regarding this pathology, using keywords such as Zika virus, neuronal, cardiac cells, and clinical trials. It was found that the main infected cells in the central nervous system are the neural progenitors, astroglia and microglia, although in the same way there is great interest in the cardiac muscle and the passage of the virus in the circulatory system, due to the great tropism presented by this virus, and its persistence over several years, which complicates the correct management of the disease. We still need to fully elucidate the mechanisms that lead to the development as such of microcephaly, the impact that the virus has on cardiac tissue, as well as on other tissues, in order to begin to develop appropriate treatments.

Keywords: Zika virus; microcephaly; cardiomyocytes; neural progenitors; astrocytes; microglia.


Palabras clave


Virus Zika; microcefalia; cardiomiocitos; progenitores neurales; astrocitos; microglia

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25009/eb.v10i23.2541

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