El cuerpo lúteo, nuevos mecanismos de regulación y su asociación con la infertilidad

Juan Manuel Bravo-Benítez, Alfonso Medel Rojas, Nancy Mirto-Aguilar, Yolanda Cruz Gómez, Carolina Morán Raya

Resumen


El cuerpo lúteo es un tejido dinámico que se forma después de que el ovocito es liberado del folículo ovárico. Su principal función es la producción de progesterona para el establecimiento y mantenimiento de la preñez. En esta revisión se abordan temas relacionados con la formación, función y regresión del cuerpo lúteo. Se describen procesos fisiológicos tales como angiogénesis y el efecto de hormonas no esteroideas producidas por el cuerpo lúteo. También se incluye una sección sobre inervación intrínseca del ovario, incluyendo al cuerpo lúteo, un tema controvertido ya que se considera que esta estructura no recibe inervación. Los avances en la comprensión de la fisiología del cuerpo lúteo ayudarán a mejorar nuestro conocimiento sobre la fisiología de las gónadas, fundamentalmente para buscar nuevos tratamientos a problemas de fertilidad asociados a insuficiencia lútea, por lo que es altamente relevante tanto para la clínica humana como en la zootecnia.


Abstract: The corpus luteum is a dynamic tissue that is generated after an oocyte is released by an ovarian follicle. It’s main function is the production of progesterone for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. This review addresses issues related to the formation, function, and regression of the corpus luteum. Physiological processes such as angiogenesis and the effect of non-steroidal hormones produced by the corpus luteum are described. The intrinsic innervation of the ovaries, including the corpus luteum is also introduced, a controversial topic since this structure is considered as non-innervated. Advances in the understanding of the physiology of the corpus luteum will help to improve our knowledge about the physiology of the gonads, primarily focusing on new treatments for fertility disorders related to luteal insufficiency. This information is highly relevant for both human clinical and livestock farming areas.

Keywords: Ovarian innervation; ovulation; ovarian function; corpus luteum; luteal insufficiency.


Palabras clave


Inervación ovárica; ovulación; función ovárica; cuerpo lúteo; insuficiencia lutea.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25009/eb.v12i30.2555

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