Abstract
Salamanders of the Plethodontidae family in the face of predation pressures have had to develop various strategies to reduce the likelihood of an attack. Chemical cues play an important role in predator-prey interactions. In salamanders there are two subsystems with the ability to detect chemicals, the main olfactory system and vomeronasal (or accessory system). It is recognized that the ability to detect and interpret the recognition of predators from chemical stimuli that can be found in substrates causes internal processes that activate the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system, physiologically preparing individuals to give a behavioral response appropriate to a potentially hazardous situation. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis coordinates the adaptive responses of the organism to stressful stimuli, so that it is activated in the presence of a predator, allowing it to respond more quickly and effectively to adjust homeostasis and increase its chances of survival. The detection of predators, either innately or learned, provides salamanders with a capacity to respond to possible attacks, and shows the neural plasticity (olfactory memory) to keep information stored, or learn new information, and evoke it whenever necessary, to increase the efficiency of response to hazardous situations. The aim of this review is to show the known and updated information of the morphological and physiological characteristics of the plethodontid salamanders for the recognition of predators through smell as a complex and vital process that involves different components, and aims to increase the probability of success of survival of individuals.References
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