Incremento de receptores endocanabinoides cerebelares tras estimulación musical de ratas con autismo inducido postnatalmente
Resumen
El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) comprende un complejo de alteraciones neurales del desarrollo, manifestadas de manera heterogénea pero destacando características constantes de anormalidades neuroanatómicas y funcionales en la estructura cerebelar. En este contexto se cuenta con amplia evidencia de que el sistema endocanabinoide desempeña un importante papel para la regulación de la neurotransmisión y transducción de señales tanto excitatorias como inhibitorias en el cerebelo, las cuales se encuentran afectadas en el TEA. En humanos con autismo, las intervenciones terapéuticas con estimulación musical han dado resultados exitosos para reestablecer diferentes conductas propias del trastorno; sin embargo, el estudio a nivel neural, específicamente en el cerebelo aún es limitado. Este trabajo implementó la estimulación musical en un modelo animal de autismo inducido después del nacimiento; se expuso a ratas Wistar con autismo inducido a música clásica para piano del compositor W.A. Mozart desde el día p1 al p30 y se evaluó la densidad de los receptores a canabinoides tipo 1 (CB1) en la corteza del flóculo cerebelar. Los análisis inmunohistoquímicos en la corteza cerebelosa revelaron que sujetos de ambos sexos que recibieron estimulación musical, presentaron mayor densidad en los receptores CB1. En las ratas macho se encontró una mayor densidad para las capas molecular y granular, mientras que en las hembras sólo se detectaron en la capa granular. Concluimos que la música tuvo un impacto en el sistema de señalización celular regulado por canabinoides en la corteza del flóculo cerebelar de ratas con autismo inducido, en donde se mostró un aumento en la densidad de receptores CB1.
Abstract
The autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a complex of neural alterations of development that are expressed in a heterogeneous manner, highlighting constant features of neuroanatomic and functional abnormalities in the cerebellar structure. In this context, there is wide evidence that the endocannabinoid system plays an important role in the regulation of neurotransmission and transduction of both excitatory and inhibitory signals in the cerebellum, which are affected in ASD. In humans with autism, therapeutic interventions with musical stimulation have given successful results to reestablish different behaviors characteristic of the disorder; however, at the neural level and specifically in the cerebellum studies are still limited. In this work, musical stimulation was implemented in an animal model of induced autism after birth. Wistar rats with induced autism were exposed to classical piano music by composer W.A. Mozart from day p1 to p30 and the density of cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1) in the cortex of the cerebellar flocculus was evaluated. Immunohistochemical analyzes in the cerebellar cortex revealed that subjects of both sexes who received musical stimulation presented higher density in CB1 receptors. In male rats a higher density was found for the molecular and granular layers, whereas in females they were only detected in the granular layer. We concluded that music had an impact at the cellular signaling regulated by cannabinoids in rats with induced autism on the flocculus cerebellar cortex, where there were an increase on CB1 receptors.
Keywords: Autism; behavior; music stimulation; valproate; CB1 receptors.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25009/eb.v10i23.2540
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