Mejora de las habilidades motoras y cognitivas de niños con autismo después de un periodo prolongado de juego con deportes virtuales

Celia N Crespo, Luis I García, Genaro A Coria, Porfirio Carrillo, Jorge Manzo

Resumen


Introducción: El autismo es un trastorno del desarrollo que se manifiesta y diagnostica por expresiones conductuales particulares, destacando el decremento en la interacción social, un lenguaje anormal y movimientos limitados o estereotipados. Recientemente se ha mostrado que el uso de juegos de video comerciales es una herramienta significativa para estimular el movimiento en personas con diferentes alteraciones motoras. Aquí propusimos que un paradigma experimental controlado de deportes en video en un largo plazo, podría ayudar a incrementar las habilidades motoras de niños autistas. Métodos: El programa de deportes en la consola Wii de Nintendo se utilizó para estimular a un grupo de menores autistas con el propósito de incrementar sus habilidades motoras (3 niñas y 7 niños). Se realizaron cuatro fases consecutivas de estimulación virtual en un lapso de 50 semanas. Resultados: Los datos mostraron que la estimulación de menores autistas con deportes virtuales los impulsa a ser sujetos no solamente con mayores habilidades motoras sino con una elevación significativa de respuestas cognitivas tal como vocalizaciones, interacciones sociales, percepción espacial y emociones. Todos los menores ejecutaron cada uno de los parámetros en el largo plazo, aunque las niñas adquirieron las habilidades antes que los niños. Conclusiones: El uso de un paradigma controlado de estimulación virtual es una técnica apropiada para incrementar las habilidades motoras y cognitivas de niños autistas. La temporalidad en adquisición de habilidades muestra una diferencia de género que requiere de mayores estudios.

 

Abstract

Introduction: Autism is a developmental disorder that is recognized and diagnosed by analyzing its particular behavioral displays, in which the most noticeable are reductions in social interaction, abnormal language, and limited or stereotyped movements. Recently it has been shown that the use of commercial video games is a significant tool to stimulate the movement of people with different motor disorders. Herein we proposed that a controlled experimental paradigm with sports in video in the long term could help to increase the motor abilities of autistic children. Methods: The sports software of the Nintendo Wii console was used to stimulate a group of autistic children with the purpose to increase their motor abilities. Four consecutive phases were carried out in a period of 50 weeks. Results: Data showed that the stimulation of autistic children with virtual sports motivates them not only to get enhanced motor abilities, but also to increase significantly cognitive responses such as vocalizations, social interactions, spatial perception, and emotions. Every child displayed each one of the parameters in the long term, although girls acquired the abilities before boys. Conclusions: The use of a controlled paradigm of virtual stimulation is an appropriate approach to increase the motor abilities and cognition of autistic children. The period for the acquisition of the abilities showed a gender difference that requires further studies

Key words: Socialization; virtual reality; mirror behaviors; motor abilities; cognition.


Palabras clave


Socialización; realidad virtual; conductas espejo; habilidad motora; cognición.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25009/eb.v7i15.2573

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