Conductas autistas en un modelo inducido con ácido valproico en pez cebra. Una revisión sistemática
Resumen
El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es un desorden del neurodesarrollo de alta prevalencia, con manifestaciones significativas en las áreas socioafectiva y comportamental, cuyas causas aún permanecen indeterminadas. La investigación de sus posibles causas y tratamientos se apoya en modelos animales manipulados genéticamente y los no genéticos con el uso de teratógenos o factores ambientales. Uno de los modelos no genéticos es la administración de ácido valproico (AVP) durante el desarrollo embrionario, que ha sido ampliamente utilizado en ratas y ratones, permitiendo así la evaluación de distintos comportamientos relacionados al TEA. El modelo también existe en la especie de pez cebra, aunque los estudios aún son escasos. En esta revisión sistematizada con la metodología PRISMA, se sintetiza la información disponible sobre evaluaciones conductuales en experimentos con un modelo de pez cebra tratado con AVP en etapas embrionarias. Se realizó una búsqueda con este propósito, en dos bases de datos con las palabras clave: autism, autism spectrum disorder*, zebrafish, behavior y valproic acid y se analizaron sus resultados conductuales en relación con la sintomatología del TEA. De acuerdo con la información revisada este modelo cumple con las características conductuales suficientes para establecer homologías con las observadas en humanos TEA, por lo que su uso parece garantizar una apropiada tarea traslacional en esta área del conocimiento.
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, with significant manifestations in the socio-affective and behavioral areas, whose causes remain undetermined. The investigation of its possible causes and treatments is supported by genetically manipulated animal models and non-genetic ones with the use of teratogens or environmental factors. One of the non-genetic models is the administration of valproic acid (VPA) during embryonic development, which has been widely used in rats and mice, thus allowing the evaluation of different behaviors related to ASD. Although studies are still scarce, the model also exists in the zebrafish species. In this systematized review with the PRISMA methodology, the available information on behavioral evaluations in experiments with a zebrafish model treated with AVP in embryonic stages is synthesized. A search was carried out for this purpose, in two databases with the keywords: autism, autism spectrum disorder*, zebrafish, behavior, and valproic acid, and their behavioral results were analyzed in relation to ASD symptoms. According to the information reviewed, this model meets sufficient behavioral characteristics to establish homologies with those observed in ASD humans, so its use seems to guarantee an appropriate translational task in this area of knowledge.
Keywords: Autism; animal models; VPA; zebrafish; behavior.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25009/eb.v13i33.2616
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