Conducta maternal alterada asociada a cambios neuronales en la habénula lateral de ratas con desnutrición pre- y neonatal
Resumen
En la rata, la restricción perinatal de alimento provoca deficiencias cognitivas que alteran el cuidado maternal, la motivación y el ingreso sensorial para la crianza. En el estudio, se correlacionan respuestas de madres con desnutrición temprana, y el daño neuronal de la habénula lateral que regula estados motivacionales. Se utilizaron hembras gestantes con bajos porcentajes de alimento del día gestacional G) 6 al 12 (50%) y del G13 al 19 (30%), seguido de dieta balanceada del G20 al G21. Después del parto, las crías continuaron su desnutrición rotando cada 12 h a dos madres lactantes, una con pezones ligados. Destete en el día 25 de edad, seguido de dieta ad libitum. La motivación materna (construcción del nido, latencia de acarreo, y lamido anogenital) se evaluó (10 min), en los días 4 y 12 de lactancia en el día 90 de edad. En el día 12 de lactancia, después de la prueba de motivación, las madres se sacrificaron y se procesó su cerebro (Golgi-Cox) para evaluar dendritas y somas de neuronas multipolares de la habénula lateral. Las madres que fueron desnutridas redujeron significativamente la construcción del nido y el lamido anogenital, incrementando su latencia para el acarreo de crías. Estos cambios concurrieron con reducciones en el número y densidad de dendritas, área y perímetro neuronal. La hipotrofia neuronal en la habénula lateral sugiere alteraciones en la excitabilidad, codificación, e integración de señales descendentes que modulan la motivación materna.
Maternal behavioral disorders associated with neuronal changes in the lateral habenula of pre- and neonatally underfed rats
Maternal behavioral disorders associated with neuronal changes in the lateral habenula of pre- and neonatally underfed rats
Abstract
Studies in lactating rats show that early food restriction induces deficient long-term cognitive states including newborn care, motivation, and disturbed multimodal sensory information, allowing dams to make decisions that enable pup survival. This study found a correlation between certain cognitive responses of early underfed dams and damages on the lateral habenula nucleus (LHN), which underlies motivational responses. We investigated this relationship by restricting food from gestational days (G) 6 to 12 (50%) and G13 to 19 (30%) and providing a balanced diet from G20 to G21. After birth, pups were underfed by rotating two lactating dams, one with tied nipples, every 12 hours. Pups were weaned at 25 days of age and given an ad libitum diet. The F1 dams’ motivation (nest ratings, retrieval latency, and anogenital licking) was assessed during 10 min daily on lactating days (LDs) 4 and 12 when they were 90 days old. After the assessment on LD12, dams were sacrificed, and their brains were processed (Golgi-Cox) to measure the dendritic arbors and perikaryon of multipolar neurons from LHN. Early underfed dams showed significant reductions in nest ratings and anogenital licking and prolonged pup-retrieval latencies, concurrent with significant decreases in the number and density of the dendritic arbors, as well as in the cross-sectional area and perikaryon perimeter. The hypotrophy of multipolar LHN neurons points to possible alterations in the excitability, encoding, and integration of brain-descending code signals that modulate maternal motivation.
Keywords: Perinatal undernutrition, maternal motivation, lateral habenula, rats.
Palabras clave
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25009/eb.v15i37.2630
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